Print Overview Black hairy tongue Enlarge image Close Black hairy tongue Black hairy tongue Black hairy tongue is caused by an overgrowth of dead skin cells, causing lengthening of the papillae, and staining from bacteria, yeast, food, tobacco or other substances in the mouth. Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless oral condition that gives the tongue a dark, furry appearance. The distinct look usually results from a buildup of dead skin cells on the many tiny projections (papillae) on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds. These papillae, which are longer than normal, can easily trap and be stained by bacteria, yeast, tobacco, food or other substances. Although black hairy tongue may look alarming, typically it doesn't cause any health problems, and it's usually painless. Black hairy tongue usually resolves by eliminating possible causes or contributing factors and practicing good oral hygiene. Products & ServicesA Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th EditionNewsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter — Digital EditionShow more products from Mayo Clinic SymptomsSigns and symptoms of black hairy tongue include: Black discoloration of the tongue, although the color may be brown, tan, green, yellow or white A hairy or furry appearance of the tongue Altered taste or metallic taste in your mouth Bad breath (halitosis) Gagging or tickling sensation, if the overgrowth of the papillae is excessive When to see a doctorThough unattractive, black hairy tongue is usually a temporary, harmless condition. See your doctor if: You're concerned about the appearance of your tongue Black hairy tongue persists despite brushing your teeth and tongue twice daily Request an appointment CausesBlack hairy tongue typically results when projections on the tongue called papillae grow longer because they don't shed dead skin cells like normal. This makes the tongue look hairy. Debris, bacteria or other organisms can collect on the papillae and result in discoloration. Although the cause of black hairy tongue can't always be determined, possible causes or contributing factors include: Changes in the normal bacteria or yeast content of the mouth after antibiotic use Poor oral hygiene Dry mouth (xerostomia) Regular use of mouthwashes containing irritating oxidizing agents, such as peroxide Tobacco use Drinking excessive amounts of coffee or black tea Excessive alcohol use Eating a soft diet that doesn't help to rub dead skin cells from your tongue By Mayo Clinic Staff Request an appointment Diagnosis & treatment March 08, 2018 Print Show references Hairy tongue. American Academy of Oral Medicine. http://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue. Accessed Feb. 25, 2017. Gurvits GE, et al. Black hairy tongue syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014;20:10845. Tongue, hairy. National Organization for Rare Disorders. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/tongue-hairy/. Accessed Feb. 25, 2017. Goldstein BG, et al. Oral lesions. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Feb. 27, 2017. Mangold AR, et al. Diseases of the tongue. Clinics in Dermatology. 2016;34:458. Brushing your teeth. American Dental Association. http://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/az-topics/b/brushing-your-teeth. Accessed Feb. 27, 2017. Wilkinson JM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 16, 2017. Related Black hairy tongue Products & Services A Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter — Digital Edition Show more products and services from Mayo Clinic Black hairy tongueSymptoms&causesDiagnosis&treatment Advertisement Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Advertising & Sponsorship Policy Opportunities Ad Choices Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic PressMayo Clinic on IncontinenceThe Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic PressThe Essential Diabetes BookMayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic PressMayo Clinic on Hearing and BalanceFREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic PressFREE Mayo Clinic Diet AssessmentMayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic PressMayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book CON-20257486 Patient Care & Health Information Diseases & Conditions Black hairy tongue